Zopiclone and Sleep: A Complete Guide

Zopiclone belongs to a class of medicines commonly referred to as “Z-drugs”, which also includes zolpidem and zaleplon. Introduced in the late 1980s, it was designed to provide a safer alternative to benzodiazepines, which are known for their addictive potential and risk of dependency.

Unlike benzodiazepines, zopiclone has a different chemical structure, but it works by binding to the same receptors in the brain that regulate sleep.

Because it acts quickly and leaves the body relatively fast, zopiclone is described as a short-acting hypnotic. Its half-life averages about 5 hours (ranging from 3.5 to 6.5 hours). In older adults, the half-life can extend to around 7 hours.

Improving Sleep Without Zopiclone

Many people turn to sleeping tablets expecting a quick solution. While zopiclone can help, there are drug-free methods that are often more effective and safer in the long run.

Evidence-based sleep programmes can help you:

• Fall asleep faster

• Stay asleep through the night

• Wake up feeling refreshed

• Reduce time spent lying awake in bed

Working with sleep experts provides tailored guidance, helping you achieve long-lasting improvements without the risks of side effects or dependency.

Recommended Dosage

In the UK, zopiclone is prescribed in the following doses:

• Adults: 7.5 mg once at bedtime, usually for 2–4 weeks maximum

• Elderly patients: Starting dose of 3.75 mg, which may be increased if needed

It is marketed under the brand names Zimovane (UK) and Imovane/Rhovane (Canada). In the US, it is not available, although a related drug, eszopiclone (Lunesta), is approved.

Short-term use is advised to avoid tolerance and dependency.

How Zopiclone Affects Sleep

Normal sleep cycles last around 90 minutes and repeat multiple times per night, moving through the stages of N1, N2, N3, and REM sleep.

Research shows that zopiclone:

• Increases N2 and N3 (deep) sleep

• Reduces REM sleep

• Decreases light sleep (N1)

However, the effect can vary widely between individuals. Overall, zopiclone alters the natural structure of sleep, which may explain why users often report mixed experiences.

Common Side Effects

The most frequent complaint is a metallic or bitter taste, reported by around 1 in 10 people. Other possible side effects include:

• Nausea or dizziness

• Headaches

• Fatigue or drowsiness

• Muscle weakness

• Sweating

Older adults may also experience:

• Reduced balance

• Memory lapses

• Impaired reaction time

Because of this, caution is advised for elderly patients, particularly those at risk of falls.

Withdrawal and Dependence

When taken at the prescribed dose and duration, withdrawal symptoms are usually mild or rare. In some cases, stopping suddenly may cause:

• Trouble sleeping

• Anxiety or low mood

• Confusion or irritability

• Muscle aches

To reduce risks, doctors may recommend gradually lowering the dose rather than stopping abruptly.

Zopiclone can lead to tolerance and dependence, especially at higher-than-prescribed doses or when combined with alcohol or recreational drugs. People with a history of substance misuse or mental health conditions may face a higher risk of addiction.

Zopiclone and Driving

Studies show mixed results on whether zopiclone impairs driving the morning after use. While some trials found little effect after 10 hours, others reported significant impairment similar to being over the drink-driving limit.

Because of this, experts generally advise avoiding driving for at least 12 hours after taking zopiclone.

Unusual Sleep Behaviours

There have been reports of unusual behaviours while taking zopiclone, including:

• Sleepwalking

• Sleep-driving

• Preparing and eating food while asleep

• Making phone calls

These behaviours often occur when zopiclone is used at higher doses or combined with alcohol.

Alternatives: Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

In the US, eszopiclone is licensed as an alternative. Clinical studies show it improves:

• Sleep onset time

• Total sleep duration

• Sleep quality

It also appears to maintain effectiveness without tolerance for up to six months of use.

Should You Take Zopiclone?

Zopiclone can provide short-term relief for insomnia, but it does not address the underlying causes of sleep problems. Long-term solutions, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), are more effective.

CBT-I helps identify and change thought patterns and behaviours that disrupt sleep, offering lasting improvements without medication.